Here’s a summary of a conversation with a National Guard servicemember who’s contemplating moving from a drill billet to the Individual Ready Reserve. We talk through all aspects of the decision, how to deal with the IRR, and how the Guard/Reserve military pension is calculated.
At the end of the post, I’ve included several “Related links” to other posts on serving in the Reserves and National Guard. They include both drilling and in the IRR, and the challenges of getting enough “good years” to qualify for retirement.
I have a few quick questions for any of the military folks out there regarding a National Guard retirement. I’m sitting at nearly a decade years in the Army National Guard with around 1900 retirement points. I have a couple months left where I have to make the decision to either resign, transfer to the IRR, or stay in a drill billet.
Is it worth staying in the IRR for another 10 years to earn a military retirement?
This question comes up a lot (especially during a drawdown!) and it’s an intensely personal decision. I’m not taking a particular stand on this issue– just reporting the news with a little analysis.
You know you’ve reached your Guard work/life balance when your family, your civilian employer, and your military unit are all equally annoyed with you.
The military is just one aspect of the bigger problem, and other solutions would be changing your employer– or your family. Hold on to that thought for a moment.
The #1 regret of my older readers
I get a lot of reader e-mails, and the #1 regret of my readers in their 50s and 60s is that they wish they had some sort of military pension. “If I had just stuck around a little longer to get 20 good years”… In a few paragraphs, we’ll show how to put the important numbers on that benefit.
The #2 regret is that they miss the military camaraderie. It’s who you are, and if you have to sacrifice that (for family or employer) then you risk a lot of unhappiness. You could try to morph your identity into someone else, but the military camaraderie is still a part of it.
What keeps people from getting to 20 good years? What takes them away from the camaraderie, and hopefully replaces it?
Family. The biggest challenges are usually caregiving (for a spouse or elder) or a special-needs child. I agree that the best option in those situations is going into the IRR.
For a short-term family problem, you could reschedule drills or take a few months of authorized absence. You could go to the IRR for just one year (hopefully still earning a good year) and then reapply for a drill billet.
But if the issue is a spouse ultimatum about family time (or, in some cases, child custody with an ex-spouse) then your sacrifice (leaving the military) might not resolve the spouse’s ultimatum. Ideally, a more thorough discussion (or even counseling) would help bring clarity to that problem. However, every personal family situation is different.
I also know veterans who go back into the service. I think the best person to consult on this challenge is Ryan of The Military Wallet. Ryan left the Air Force in 2006 (for very good reasons) but he rejoined the Air National Guard a couple of years ago. He missed the camaraderie and he also wanted to assure his entrepreneurial financial independence with a pension at age 60. Joining the Guard took an age waiver and a significant medical exam, along with over a year to navigate the approval process. But he’s much happier in the ANG, and his military career is taking off again. Please consult him (Ryan at TheMilitaryWallet.com) before you make your irrevocable decision. *
Civilian career. If your civilian employer is not accommodating your Guard career, then find a different employer. Simple as that. Your only alternative is to give up part of who you are in the hopes that the corporate machine will uphold their end of the employment bargain. I doubt that they will, and then you’d end up changing employers anyway. If your employer is not military-friendly then they’re also not employee-friendly, and that relationship will turn sour even if you can get your good year through IRR points.
Earning retirement points in the IRR (or not)
The Guard member next asked:
Maybe the question is simpler than I’m making it, but for this to work I would need 50 retirement points a year for the next 10 years, something that could be accomplished through 150-hours of distance learning annually.
10 years * 50 points/year = 500 points
500 points * 3 hours DL/point = 1500 hours of distance learning in the next 10 years.
You’ll be relieved to learn that you’re awarded an additional 15 “participation points” when you reach 35 points of correspondence courses in the IRR. That makes it a little easier to get a good year. So technically you’ll only need to earn 35 points per year in the IRR and you’ll only exert 1050 hours of distance learning.
However, correspondence courses are not a panacea and that distance learning might involve driving some distances. Eddie at Gubmints.com has pointed out several times that the Navy has greatly restricted the courses which can be used for IRR points, and (even worse) Navy Reserve IRR members no longer have CACs. Consider whether you could handle this in the Guard if that happened to your unit.
Getting to 50 points (or earning your 35 points) per year in the IRR may be a lot harder than it seems. If you don’t have a CAC in the IRR, are you able to drive to a Guard armory where you can log into a DoD system without a CAC? Can you set aside the time in your life to make that happen? Will the Guard cut back on the “authorized” courses to the point where you can no longer reach 500 points (or 350 points) to qualify for retirement?
Losing Tricare insurance in the IRR
When you’re a drilling Reserve/Guard member you’re eligible for Tricare Reserve Select. If you transfer to the IRR– even for a single day– then you lose your Tricare Reserve Select coverage. You may be able to find equivalent health care through a state or federal healthcare exchange under the Affordable Care Act, but you’ll either spend more money than TRS or have much higher deductibles.
Healthcare should not be the only reason that you stay in a drill billet, but if you’re going to leave that billet then you need to make sure you have another source of health insurance.
Is the pension worth the IRR points?
As an O-3 I earn $0.481/month/point, so at I minimum I could collect $1154/month at age 60 assuming the rates don’t change in the next 10-years. Assuming I live for 30-years into retirement, I’ll collect approximately $415.5k.
That “pennies per point” pension assumption is flawed by its inaccuracy. If you’re making a financial choice (instead of a family/employer decision) then once you have more accurate numbers you can reframe the other issues in the discussion.
I’d suggest using your current rank in the current year’s pay tables. (If you go to the IRR then you’re probably at your terminal rank.) The federal law of the military Reserve/Guard pension system in Title 10 U.S. Code section 1407(d)(1)(A) says that if you retire awaiting pay (“gray area”) then your longevity accrues until age 60 just as though you were still on active duty. In other words, you’ll be at the maximum O-3 column of the pay tables that are in effect in the year when you turn age 60.
The first assumption is to hope that today’s military pay keeps up with inflation and the Employer Cost Index. It’s a gross approximation, but it lets you use today’s pay tables to estimate your pension amount at age 60.
Second, you’ll use the maximum pay of your terminal rank in your pension calculation. This year’s maximum O-3 pay of $6448.20/month is over 10% higher than your current $5818.80/month base pay.
If you retired at 2400 points then your pension (at age 60, in today’s dollars) would be roughly:
2400 / 360 * 2.5% x $6448.20 = $1074/month.
[Note: for the Blended Retirement System, the multiplier is 2.0% instead of 2.5%.]
You could correct that rough estimate for the High-Three average of the highest 36 months of the paytable (the pay tables in effect when you’re ages 57-59). Take ~96% of that amount or lowball it at $1030/month.
Would you take $1030/month at age 60 as the payoff for earning 20 good years? What if you kept drilling instead, and achieved up to 75 points per year? That’d be 750 points instead of 500, and 2650 points instead of 2400, and $1139/month instead of $1030/month.
If you wanted an inflation-adjusted annuity today that generated $1030/month at age 60 then you could buy I bonds yielding 1.64%/year. That portfolio would cost over:
[$1030/month x 12 months/year] / 0.0164 = $750K.
That’s the present value of the deferred compensation you’re giving up by leaving the Guard without reaching 20 good years. If you stayed drilling (and reached 2650 points) then your $1139/month would cost $830K.
I’d lose my 1900 retirement points and my only retirement benefit would be the $20,000 or so I have in the TSP.
If you go into federal civil service (and some states) then you can use your years of military service to buy extra pension credits and also accrue vacation time at a higher rate. See Gubmints.com again for the details of the military service credit deposit.
By the way, I’d leave your money in the TSP. Try not to touch it until age 59.5, or leave it in the TSP until the last minute before you convert a traditional TSP account into a Roth IRA.
Family has a higher priority than money, but I’d certainly bring up the money during the spouse discussion. And unless you have a great guarantee of employment continuity, I’d put a higher probability on the chance to earn a present value of $750K in the military than from a civilian employer.
But I might be mobilized!
Then, there is always the possibly of a mobilization. If they were to call me up right now I would just walk away (as I have no commitment). I’m not sure how I’d feel about it five years from now. In any case, If I make the choice not to mobilize when called, I’ll be discharged and lose any prospect of retirement. If America stays relatively war-free for the next 10 years, I have nothing to worry about and can complete the IRR requirement without issue.
During the last decade thousands of soldiers were mobilized from the IRR. Your risk would hopefully be relatively remote, but that depends on your skills.
The only way to drive that risk to zero is to resign from the Guard. Not IRR, and not retired awaiting pay, but resign and be discharged.
My other plan was to transfer to the Air National Guard and finish up there, but the prospect of AF flight school at age 30 wasn’t exactly appealing.
Does this line of thought seem a little… limiting? Especially compared to 10 years of IRR purgatory or the “final option” just walking away from the military altogether?
You may have already verified that the ANG wants you to go through flight school. But even if that’s the case, you’re an O-3 with far more skills than just maintaining continuity of flight. Your first choice might be to find a similar O-3 billet in a different Guard armory, even if you have to commute for drills.
But going into the nearest ANG unit with your O-3 skills might qualify you for quite a few billets that do not involve flight school. And if Ryan can do switch military specialties at age 35 with a waiver, I’m pretty sure you can hack it at age 30.
Switching military careers certainly beats ultimatums from employers & families… or even worse, switching them instead.
Is it ever a bad idea to just walk away?
Everyone that I work with in the Army thinks it’s crazy to stop at the 10-year mark and they would all stay until retirement, no questions asked. I’m fed up with everything and definitely need a break. It’s hard to figure out whether that break is a complete disconnect from the service (resigning my commission) or just a stint in the IRR.
This decision is never easy. Walking away may still be the right option, especially for caregivers and special-needs kids.
In general, the better choice has been to keep drilling.
* [Another note about Ryan: during his last trip to Oahu he was our houseguest for a week. We discussed a lot of military personal finance and the rockstar blogger life. (My spouse said that she’d never seen two adult males exchange so many words with each other.) He’s been blogging for nearly a decade and he’s a financially successful entrepreneur with a strong lifestyle business. He also has a great family. When someone like him goes through all the extra effort of returning to drill status in the Reserve/Guard, it’s a sign that our commitment to service and the military camaraderie are more important to both servicemembers and veterans than “just” the money. According to Ryan, the Tricare is pretty good too.]
Related articles:
Military Retirement From The Individual Ready Reserve (including more IRR links)
Navy IRR Survival Guide 2016 (Gubmints.com)
Understanding Guard and Reserve Points – How to Earn Points And Retire (TheMilitaryWallet.com)
Re-Joining The Military After A Long Break In Service (MilitaryFinancialPlanner.com)
So I’m a retired O-4 with 30 years of service with about 3,999 points. What would be my retirement?
Todd, you’d calculate that from the process described in the Financial Management Regulation (DoD 7000.14-R) Volume 7B Chapter 3:
https://comptroller.defense.gov/FMR/vol7b_chapters.aspx
It’s also explained in detail in this post:
https://the-military-guide.com/reserve-retirement-calculator/
The formula for a High Three Reserve pension is:
(# points / 360) x 2.5% x [High Three average of monthly base pay]
For the few remaining servicemembers on the Final Pay system (who entered the military before 8 September 1980) the pension is calculated from their highest monthly base pay. There’s no High Three average.
For those who will retire under the Blended Retirement System, the percentage multiplier is 2.0% instead of 2.5%.
When you’re retired awaiting pay then you’d use the High Three average of the O-4 pay tables up through the year in which you start your pension (as though you’d been on active duty the entire time). That means your actual pension would be calculated from your highest pay tables, which are probably the ones in effect during the 36 months just before beginning your pension.
You can get an estimate of your pension in today’s dollars by assuming that your High Three average will be 97% of the current pay tables. (That 97% is based on recent military annual pay raises.) In your case with the highest 2020 O-4 pay at $8324.10, your Reserve pension will be roughly:
(3999 / 360) x 2.5% x [$8324.10 x 97%] = $2242/month.
Most servicemembers will start their pensions at age 60, but for service after 28 January 2008 it can be started three months earlier for every 90 days mobilized in a combat zone (mostly during a fiscal year) or for natural disasters and national emergencies. More details on an early Reserve pension are at this post:
https://themilitarywallet.com/national-guard-and-reserve-early-retirement-age/
Are the retirement calculations above applicable under the BRS as well, or the hi-3 legacy only? I am an IMA with about 8 total good years so far (5 AD/3 Reserves) and trying to calculate my retirement but not a finding concrete answer as to whether my methods are accurate under the BRS, into which I’ve opted.
**other than I know that BRS uses 2% instead of 2.5%..
Thank you for pointing that out, Samantha, you’re absolutely right. The multiplier for the Blended Retirement System is 2.0%.
The rest of the retirement calculations are correct for both BRS and legacy High Three.
How soon after going IRR do you lose TRICARE coverage? Is there a grace period or is it immediate?
Thank you
Great question, Adam!
By Tricare’s rules, it’s immediate:
“Your coverage automatically ends if you leave the Selected Reserve or lose eligibility for any other reason. You may purchase TRICARE Reserve Select again if you re-qualify.”
It may take Tricare a few weeks to process a claim, but they’ll eventually check a servicemember’s drill status and deny the claim if they were in the IRR on the date that they used TRS.
Full info on ending TRS coverage is at this Tricare link:
https://tricare.mil/Plans/Enroll/TRS/EndingCoverage
Doug, you mentioned talking to your chain of command about possible IMA. What is IMA? Thanks
Brian, IMAs are “Individual Mobilization Augmentees”. They’re service-specific programs where you work with active-duty commands instead of being attached to a Reserve unit. Here’s one example for the Army Reserve: https://www.usar.army.mil/IMA/
Doug, thanks for the informative write up. I’m curious about if the IRR is right for me. I’ve got 17.5 years ARNG service and I’m considering going through the vocational rehabilitation program offered by the VA. It would involve going out of state to a full time school where actively drilling and annual training could conflict with my schooling. Could I join the IRR for the 3 years that I’m in school full time and then join a national guard unit again afterwards to get to my 20 good years? Also when in the IRR is my unit carrying me and would I be clogging up a slot? Thanks again.
Ryan, you could absolutely move to the IRR to do your voc rehab. You’d also free up your current billet for someone else, although your unit might still have your name in their database for tracking your IRR status.
The issue is whether you’d be able to return to drill status and finish your 20 good years. These days it’s nearly impossible to earn a good year in the IRR because so few correspondence courses are given point-count credit. You also can’t predict the personnel & funding situation that will exist when you want to return to drill status– you’d hate to be forcibly discharged after just two years due to some “inactive status” policy change.
Keep in mind that you have to be in a drill billet for Tricare Reserve Select insurance. If you go to the IRR then you’ll have to figure out your own health insurance, and again it might be a struggle getting back into that drill billet.
Before you take the IRR step it’s worth asking your chain of command about options like IMA, rescheduling drills, quarterly drills, or being cross-assigned to another unit close to your voc rehab location. There might be other opportunities for unpaid duty (yet still points) to get you through those good years. You might even be able to get a one-time “authorized absence” for six months, although not all services offer that option.
My last LES showed 24 years total service which included 7.7 years active duty Air Force, 12.3 reserves and 4 years Army National Guard. 3 of those years I went inactive while overseas in England during my wife’s active duty assignment (mobilized as IMA for a year right after 9/11) I went inactive in 2003 to finish school online because I thought my GI Bill was going to run out in 2006 (10 years after leaving active duty). I was never informed about continuation of earning points and now have 3 bad years. I could have a retirement but feel as though I was not properly informed. I am looking to enter Navy reserves to complete my time and/or soon to enter my 4th federal job and buy back my time. Is there any way to challenge lost points due to bad information or because of livings overseas as a spouse? Please advise. Thanks
Tom
Tom, I’m a little confused by your chronology. Let me back up and try to understand the numbers.
When you reach 20 good years among the services, then you’ll receive a Notice Of Eligibility confirming your good years and listing your points. However it’s quite common for the various service databases to not communicate with each other, so you’d want to make sure that the Army National Guard has all of your Air Force records and point counts (both active duty and Reserves).
You can keep serving as long as you can get a billet (in any of the services), and if your performance is satisfactory then you can certainly go past 20 good years. You can also continue to apply to your federal civil service HR staff to buy your military service credit deposit.
I’m not sure what you mean by “continuation of earning points” or “challenge lost points”. If there are errors or omissions from your point count then you’d have to submit copies of orders and DD-214s to your National Guard unit to correct the records.
In the last few years it’s become very difficult to obtain points in the IRR. If you’ve submitted records for correspondence courses or funeral services then you’d have to follow up with your unit to make sure that those accomplishments were still good for points and credit toward a good year.
We can continue the discussion on this post’s comments thread, of course, but you can also e-mail more details and questions to NordsNords at Gmail.
Hello Tom, I am not aware of any means to challenge points that were not earned. But I would get a points summary statement prior to joining the Navy Reserves. You mentioned you had 24 years of service (7.7 + 12.3 + 4 = 24). Your comment states you only had 3 years that didn’t count. So I would get an official point statement from the Air Force and the Army National Guard, and make sure they are all accounted for in one place (whichever was your final branch of service). Make sure they have the point statements from the other branches/components. Then get a point summary. If you have 20 good years, then you don’t need any additional service time.
Good luck!
great info. I’m interested in transition from the ANG to IRR. How do I start the process?? thank you
Angie, the best way to transfer into the IRR is to submit the request through your chain of command. Some ANG units do it by paper while others use an online form.
Just to be clear, this post points out all the advantages of staying in a drill billet for retirement credit, for the health insurance, and (eventually) for the pension.
Once you transfer to the IRR then you lose your eligibility for Tricare Reserve Select health insurance. It’s also become nearly impossible to earn enough points for a good year in the IRR.
Hi, what form is used to transfer into the IRR?
Each service does it differently, Whitney, and I’m not sure of their specific processes.
Talk with your chain of command, and that’ll also help you get an estimate of when you’d be able to stop showing up for drill weekends.
Why is it nearly impossible to earn the 50 points yearly needed to have a good year. You get 15 days off from a private employee fill out Form 40 which gives you 2 points a day= 30 points, 15 membership= 45 online PME course counts for points or take three days vacation from private sector job drill at assigned base gives you 6 points total of 51 for the year, no?
Do you earn membership points if your in the non participating IRR?
Joseph, you make it sound so easy– yet not every service has access to the same resources.
The biggest change over the last few years has been removing most of the correspondence courses for point credit. In addition some services (like the Navy) stopped issuing Common Access Cards to servicemembers in the IRR, forcing them to have to visit a drilling site (or a Reserve Center) in order to access their records and training.
I was in the PIRR for Three years then two years after that in a non PIRR, so what changed? Granted that was years ago. I was assigned to Denver Co. with the Air Force Reserves. Can’t you use form 40 which gives you two points for each day you put a uniform on. Is that form still used?
The company I worked for gave me my 15 days a year for military service, I used Form 40 which gave me two points for one day of service and got 30 points, then the 15 membership points gives 45 how hard can it be to come up with 5 more points, even without PME courses?
Great post! This speaks to everything going through my mind as I consider my options at the 10 yr mark as well. I will say however, as a female service member, the family aspect can be trickier to navigate with a growing family and a civilian husband. But as you mentioned, there are many ways to go about finding the right solution. Thanks again for putting this together.
Thanks, Gabi, and you’re absolutely right.
I hear both sides of this issue from the military women in my life (my spouse and our daughter) and from the male military spouses (my son-in-law and the Facebook group “The Men’s Room” for male milspouses).
Good evening,
I’m a physician assistant with ARMY NG. I have served for 6 years as of June 13th, 2017. I have been paid 3 years of incentive bonus and 2 years of loan repayment. As states in my initial contract, I still have one more loan repayment that is due. If I decided to transfer into IRR status, will I still be entitled to received my last loan repayment bonus totaling $25K before taxes.
I truly appreciate your help in this matter.
Sincerely,
CPT Dayana Cannan PA-C
Dayana, I’m afraid that I don’t have the answer to that question. The issue is that it’s very difficult to qualify for a good year in the IRR, and the terms of your incentive bonus might require you to be a drilling National Guard member with a good year. That would include both drills and AT, neither of which you’d do in the IRR.
You could review the terms of your contract with a JAG or your S-1 or HRC, but if I was in your situation then I’d try very hard to find a way to stay in a drill status for that third repayment bonus. You’d really hate to mess this up during your only opportunity.
Excellent comments. Especially as applies to the matter of civilian employer-NG relations. Organizations that poorly treat or support their employees presently, will do so into the future. The best indication of future behavior is past behavior. Find a new employer.
As to the aspect of mobilization. Asymmetric warfare, as we have fought since 9-11, will continue for at least the next generation, 30+ years. And like the Cold War prior, some actions in that era will be hot, Vietnam, and not so hot, Korea DMZ. Mobilization and world wide deployment availability is part of the equation of the Oath and Uniform. The old line between “active” and “Reserve-NG” career patterns is becoming more blurred over time. Mobilization and deployment is a given and expected. If that is a bridge too far for some in some concept of family-career-work life balance. Don’t join the military. If you want the king’s coin at 60, or 45, then the bidding of that sovereign is to be obeyed. We just call it the Constitution.
Thanks, Peter!